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An excellent and provocative work of my good friend Orlando Albornoz ("Open Letter to International Academic Community") and its "Notice of Submission" I suggest some questions. Venezuelan university itself needs reform and this should create a commission with representation from the educational institutions, public and private, more important to discuss the following:

Does your campus resources to operate efficiently? Can you get out of government, private sector or own activities? Can be resized? Is the current university structure best to operate optimally at lower cost? (Would it be possible to centralize the various chairs of the same discipline in some universities?) Is the university accountable for its entire budget including the work: wages, salaries, negotiating collective agreements, etc..? (Is the approval an appropriate system to manage the obvious differences in level between the universities and among the teachers?) What is more efficient a wide range of powers or a selection where you can focus on quality? Are there too many schools in the same discipline in our universities?

Does the university have a proper balance between pure and applied research? Do you identify with the problems of national development? Is it linked to productive enterprises? Should the university interested in the quality of secondary education and institutes of technical careers shorter?

Are the mechanisms of evaluation is the university for the education sector and their performance measured against meeting the objectives set? How

academic quality audit? How does local quality with global centers of excellence? While admitting that in a country with the current resources of Venezuela is very difficult to reach levels of developed countries, there is some top quality to aspire to be (in the classification of the 1000 best in the world does not see any Venezuelan university ) (Albornoz).

Are all university teachers trained to develop their chairs? Have you joined the university for new ways to access knowledge that has facilitated the globalization and the digital age? How should university leaders chosen? Is there adequate internal discipline to establish rewards and punishments both students and teachers? Are there resources in the country for a free college quality? Once the Commission may determine answers to these and many other questions the big question is who they will discuss the findings? How public opinion? "With the branches of government? , or remains at the sole discretion of the university?

Everyone should support the university in its modernization efforts, now that the institution is threatened.

PD: In Venezuela, the state is the only sufficient resources to finance public universities and has the right to demand good results. This does not mean you can dictate the contents of programs and treat teachers as public employees (Albornoz, dixit) PD2: Another option for reform is based on "zero base" and design the ideal college. After identifying the difficulties in converting the current ideal. PD3: We must raise the social and economic status of university professors, without whose active participation there will be no reform. Alberto_quiros@intercon.net.ve

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OVERCOMING THE SHADOWS 2030 CITGO

time ago I wrote an essay about what would be, among others, the future of OPEC in 20 years. My mind moved faster than time. Before discussing how OPEC will be in 20 years I would like to clarify three key aspects of its operational structure.

1. OPEC is an organization that brings only oil-exporting countries.

2. The volumes are used to set quotas or actual production is the total oil production of each country and not export.

3. Although OPEC has not formally eliminated the quota system, in practice controls are set on the actual production volumes, determined according to information from specialized sources. For example, although theoretically Venezuela has a quota of 3.2 million barrels per day (b / d) actual production, according to the OPEC, ranging between 2.2 and 2.3 million b / d and this is the figure that is included in all specialized statistics that adjusts up and down according to the market and the decisions of OPEC. Let us now

2030. The OPEC countries have joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) which was raised some years ago, a discussion of the necessary conditions so that oil could trade freely between countries. This sector was the last totally free of old patterns and protectionist market manipulators. Saudi Arabia's economic opening motorized OPEC after internal conflicts affected por 3 años su capacidad de producción, obligando al Reino a convertirse en una monarquía constitucional, con un Primer Ministro elegido popularmente. Inmediatamente en Kuwait y los Emiratos Árabes surgieron cambios políticos similares. Irak tiene un sistema democrático. Irán mantiene su régimen fundamentalista pero mucho más abierto a la modernidad.

La OPEP es miembro relevante de la Comisión Mundial para Protección Ambiental. Además se convirtió en un conglomerado industrial-financiero de influencia mundial. De un anacronismo político-económico del siglo XXI se transformó en una federación poderosa con presencia importante en las decisiones económicas del globo. Su nuevo enfoque stimulated the modernization of their societies.

In 2017, after two years of intense discussion among stakeholders, agreements were reached which, for the first time since oil was welcomed to the free market rules. The economic variable could be imposed on the policy variable mistrust. A global energy exercise "zero base", concluded that energy should buy the least expensive exporting producers and producing countries and consumers would not use artificial policies to increase prices (reducing the supply of producers) or to adversely affect the demand (Excessive taxation to consumption by the consumer countries.)

As technology, sooner or later, develop alternative energy sources more efficient than the oil, all oil producing countries and consumers together in a collective effort to help single-product to diversify their economies and participate in the development of alternative sources of energy. What was understood in 2017 that there was construction of the future, unless they are neutralized obstacles present. By 2030 this approach had been successful.

alberto_quiros@intercon.net.ve

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President Chavez wants to sell Citgo "because it is a bad deal and it is better to have money in a bank" (sic) Look at the history. In 1986, PDVSA purchased 50% of Citgo for $ 290 million to be paid $ 100 million in cash and $ 190 million promissory note was canceled by a reduction in crude oil to be sold Citgo to pay the debt with the difference between discounted price and the market price of oil. Citgo bought cheap (worth $ 400 million) because in that year the oil market was vendors and refineries did not have security of supply. In 1989 it acquired the remaining 50% of Citgo for $ 650 million (it was another market) share paid by our oil inventories in the U.S. and partly funded. Then the capital of the company had increased by $ 300 million. Citgo 24 years has invested, some to adapt the configuration of its refineries and to process heavy crudes. More to comply with environmental regulations. All were made with cash flow from Citgo. PDVSA did not provide a single dollar.

Why PDVSA acquired Citgo? Let's see: The big oil companies are vertically integrated. Are present in exploration, production, refining (in their countries and in major markets consumption), transportation, commercialization and marketing. In 1986, PDVSA had difficulty placing its heavy crude because many refineries were not designed to process and had an oversupply of light crude. To ensure that market fluctuations do not adversely affect our offer and guarantee to refine heavy crude oil, Citgo was acquired. It was a strategic investment to ensure captive customers in the world's largest market and trade, because the low acquisition price guarantee, through the years, in the unlikely event that a sell (in 1986 no one anticipated Chavez) price would be much higher than that paid, which would ratify the good investment was. Indeed, if in 1986 and in 1989 PDVSA paid a total of $ 940 million and if Chavez thinks that what remains of Citgo worth $ 10,000 million (already sold 50% stake in the refinery Lyontell and other properties) that means performance than initially paid to sell, would be 10% per annum (compound interest). No bank pays interest on those dollars. The U.S. treasury bonds paying 4.35% per annum, they have been purchased with the $ 940 million it cost to Citgo, its current value would be $ 2,700 million. If Citgo throws now lost is being poorly managed. So the president must consult with Merentes, a man of numbers, before releasing crap like that.

all know that Chávez needs money for his presidential campaign, therefore, wants to sell an asset like Citgo. Afraid that PDVSA lost pending arbitrations with Exxon Mobil, Conoco Philips and other demands and seize any Citgo to collect. In addition, the low country's oil production and sales absurd maula countries PDVSA has to buy oil from other producers at market prices, to supply Citgo. Then I suspect that reports these volumes bought from third parties own production. Mr. Chávez, in oil you can deceive faithful followers but those who know the industry, they are not, of course, those who now run PDVSA can not convince us with their few professionals improvisations.

No sir!

alberto_quiros@intercon.net.ve

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I thought in 2010 could not stretch the wrinkles and make the economy crisis. Indeed, the economic system stumbled and the growth was negative. While oil prices rose, they were not enough to finance the domestic and international follies of the regime. In addition, the financial crisis uncovered a pot of corruption between the regime and Bolibourgeoisie. It involved some of its institutions, several of which did not deserve that fate. Federal Bank was confiscated Nelson Mezerhane whose president is a clear political persecution.

In any other country, the year 2010 would have been the final collapse of the economy. Not so. Nor will 2011. The regime's strategy will be the same. Borrow money, seek resources where they are, end to destroy PDVSA, will let companies languish Guiana, will not pay its suppliers and will take even more, the replacement of dollars to importers. In 2011, he was not buy weapons from Russia and Chavez be bad in many countries which offered much fanfare. All that will include a drain of resources from international reserves and a raid the Central Bank to finance a presidential campaign opportunistic and obscene.

In late 2011 the country will be financially ruined as a result of all the atrocities committed, but official figures will not reflect this situation. Unless the new National Assembly made public the country's economic reality, to the surprise of those who have lived with a permanent eye lid. However, despite all efforts unduly to make up the scheme by 2011, will see to it the same seams that will be met by 2010.

inflation soared above 30%. Public spending not be reduced. Civil insecurity continues to rise. There will be shortages despite the regime's efforts to import consumer goods. Residential construction will continue to stagnate. Increase unemployment. Not be ordered permanent health programs, education, unemployment insurance and pensions. Will increase the electricity supply problems throughout the country and water in the central region. The scheme will suffer a cash deficit continued to be administered with greater debt and will further devaluation only when there are no other alternatives. The Central Bank will continue to be looted. The Bank of Venezuela, but so far has worked well in 2011 could go into crisis by trying to cover the myriad government deficits. Also, anything that manages the system works and this institution will be no exception.

To increase its control over the financial sector, the system will intervene in 2011 to one of the largest banks in the country (name confidential to avoid runs) view of the above is inevitable conclusion that 2011 will be very difficult economic, although the system will do its utmost to spread the crease until 2013. No be easy and will be criminally expensive. Sooner or later we will know how much it will cost the system make up the national economy during the last 4 years. When we learn there will be no surprises, except that the difference between reality and the lies of the regime are even greater than those we consider today, because many do not yet know the size of this "Paradise of Fools" where lies the "Revolution."

alberto_quiros@intercon.net.ve

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VENEZUELA ECONOMY 2011 2013

In January 2013 there are new government. It was not easy to overcome the obstacles that the regime was on the road. Questions election results. Threat of civil war. Calls to demonstrate. However, it showed that Chavez was not as popular as I thought. Ignoring their calls for a new president fell on deaf ears. Neither the people came out to protest the armed forces did not endorse a coup. The president-elect took office amid popular rejoicing. It seemed that there was not a Chavez in Venezuela.

The new President, in his first speech, proposed the following measures (where necessary, by an amendment to the Constitution and laws): The country will return to their name Republic of Venezuela. Presidential term will be maintained in 6 years with absolute prohibition of reelection. It will restore the Senate. Be transferred to the states to collect some taxes to be defined. It decentralized the education and health systems, allocating to the regions resources. Shall provide that ownership of the subsoil belongs to the Nation (all of us) and not the state (the few who govern us.) What will power the nation and the state will only act under delegated it (us). Pass the state subordinate to the State boss. Every citizen has the right to participate directly in the operation of a common good (oil, mining, basic industries, etc) The rescue union power and collective bargaining. Will promote the figure of the worker shareholder (country of ownership) will be reviewed confiscations made by the previous regime and will be returned or offset against the fair value to the owners. Be compensated for oil workers illegally dismissed from 2002-2003. It appointed a committee to restructure the oil industry and another to recommend a new model of ownership for companies in Guyana. It will attack the insecurity and modernize existing prison dens. Political prisoners unjustly incarcerated return to their homes. The armed forces will defend the democratic system and physical integrity of the country, will be subordinate to civilian authority and receive the respect they deserve. We advise you with the most distinguished economists to place Venezuela on the road to modernity. As a priority attack the problem of poverty and exclusion. Design a national health insurance plan united (health, education, housing, pensions and unemployment insurance). It will create good paying jobs to reduce informal employment. Develop tourism and restore the productivity of the field. We will give final ownership titles to rural and urban customary tenure have occupied land and housing for a minimum of 10 years. We are determined to Venezuela reality the dream of Hernando de Soto to include the poor today in the financial system. We want to work in harmony in the National Assembly where, temporarily, we are a minority. Govern for all Venezuelans. Seek reconciliation, but bring them to justice those responsible for national disaster. This will create a "truth commission" including Chavez, to investigate all violations of the Constitution, abuse of power and rigged court decisions and corruption.

These are our first proposition. Viva Venezuela!

alberto_quiros@intercon.net.ve